Encounters

Naming Australia's Coastal Features

In 1802, French explorer Nicolas Baudin charted the South Australian coastline at the same time as British navigator, Matthew Flinders. Both named the coastal features, in fact in many instances the French gave two names, one by Baudin and the other by either Capt. De Freycinet or Francois Peron, one of the expedition's naturalists. Baudin had recorded a different set of names to De Freycinet, the latter having sailed on the Naturaliste while Baudin sailed on the Geographe.

Baudin died before the expedition returned to France, and because Peron dispised Baudin, he made sure his results of the expedition were published first. In so doing Peron took the credit for the expedition's success and the names he gave to geographical features were accepted as those given officially by the expedition.

This was of little consequence, however, as the coast being named was British territory and had already been named by Matthew Flinders. The British Admiralty naturally adopted the names given by their explorer, Flinders, while those given by the French expedition were ignored. Compte Alphonse de Fleurieu, a nephew of the French Minister for Marine under whom Baudin's expedition was launched, visited Australia in 1905 and was disappointed to find that no names given by the French had been retained, particularly the peninsula that Baudin had named after him. In 1911 he encouraged the Surveyor General to adopt the names given by the French explorers to places that did not already have a name. In most instances, Baudin's choice of name was adopted, but occasionally De Freycinet's or Peron's name was used.

Head of Bight, SA, to Point Lonsdale, Vic

Great Australian Bight
28.1.1802. Flinders. A name chosen to describe its shape - the word 'bight' is a nautical term for a loop of rope. Baudin called it the Gulf of New Holland.

Dentrcasteaux Reef
28.12.1792. D'Entrcasteaux. Named after expedition leader, Bruni D'Entrcasteaux (right).

Cape Adieu
1.5.1802. Baudin. Point from which the expedition left the coast. Baudin named Cape Adieu 'Point du Depart' (Departure Point) but on Freycinet's charts it was named 'C. des Adieux'.

Nuyts Reef / Cape Nuyts
28.1.1802. Flinders. Named after Pieter Nuyts who sailed on Dutch ship Gulde Zeepart that was probably carried too far south by the winds of the Southern Ocean, touched the South Coast of the Great South Land on 26.01.1627 in the neighbourhood of the Head of the Great Australian Bight.
br> According to Flinders, the Dutch recital said: "In the year 1627, the South Coast of the Great South Land was accidentally discovered by the ship Gulde Zeepard, outward bound from the Fatherland, for the space of 1000 miles." Flinders believed that Nuyts was not the captain of the ship, since, on his arrival in Batavia, he was sent as ambassador to Japan and afterwards was made Governor of Formosa. Perhaps, he was the Company's first merchant on board.

Scott Pt / Scott Bay
1857. Capt. Bloomfield Douglas. Named after E.B.Scott.

Fowlers Bay / Pt Fowler
29.1.1802. Flinders. Named after Robert Fowler, 1st Lieut., Investigator.

Pt Sinclair / Sinclair Island (Sinclair Rocks)
31.1.1802. Flinders. Named after Kenneth Sinclair, amidshipman, Investigator.

Port Le Hunte
Named after Sir George R.Le Hunte, Governor Of South Australia, July 1902 - February 1909.

Pt Bell
2.2.1802. Flinders. Named after the surgeon of the Investigator, who first sighted it.

Flinders Rock
2.2.1802. Flinders. Named after Samuel Flinders, crew member and Matthew Flinders' nephew.

Rocky Pt
2.2.1802. Flinders. Descriptive.

Purdie Island
2.2.1802. Flinders. Named after Robert Purdie, surgeon's assistant, Investigator.

Lounds Reef / Lounds Island 2.2.1802. Named after Sherrard P.Lound, Midshipman, Investigator.

Lacy Island
2.2.1802. Named after a crewmember, Investigator.

Evans Island
2.2.1802. Named after a crewmember, Investogator.

Franklin Island
2.2.1802. Flinders. Named after John Franklin (1786-1847), midshipman on Investigator, English Rear-Admiral and explorer, was born at Spilsby, Lincolnshire on 16.04, in a line of free-holders or "franklins" from whom they had derived their surname long before. As 5th and youngest son of nine children, he was destined for the church. However, he desired at an early age to be a sailor and overcame his father's resistance. At the age of 15, he took part in the battle of Copenhagen on board the Polyphemus.
br> Two months later, he joined the Investigator and became Flinders' most adept student. After the end of the war with France, he turned to science and exploration on land and at sea. Between 1836 and the end of 1843, he was Lieutenant-Governor of Tasmania. His final task was the North-West Passage to the Pacific. The expedition embarked on Erebus and Terror on 19.05.1845 with 129 officers and men. It disappeared soon afterwards in the arctic waters and the search for it became one of the most taxing tasks of arctic exploration during the Ninteenth Century.

Denial Bay
7.2.1802. Flinders. Flinders' journal records he was unable to travel inland after landing here: "as well in allusion to St. Peter as to the deceptive hope we had found of penetrating by it some distance into the interior country."

Tourville Bay
1.5.1802. Baudin. Named after Ann Hilarion de Contentin, Compte de Tourville (1642-1701), French Vice-Admiral.

Murat Bay
1.5.1802. Baudin. Named after Joachim Murat (1767-1815), King of Naples, French Marshal, Grand Duke of Berg and one of Napoleon's Generals. Born at Lot, France and destined for the priesthood, he studied at Cahors and the University of Toulouse. He enlisted in a cavalry regiment and was dismissed for insubordination in 1790. He became a close associate of Napoleon and in1806 he became Napoleon's King of Naples. Baudin did not live to know that Napoleon's trusted brother-in-law, Joachim Murat, would be shot for treason in 1815.

Cape Thevenard
1.5.1802. Baudin. Named after Francois Antoine Jean Marie, Comte de Thevenard (1733-1815), French Admiral.

Bosanquet Bay
4.2.1802. Flinders. Named after Mary Bosanquet Fletcher (1739-1814), who wa called one of the first deaconesses in Methodism. In his journal Flinders marked the naming: 'In compliment to that respectable body of men, whose liberal attention to this voyage was useful to us and honourable to them'.

Cape Vivonne
1.5.1802. Baudin. Named after Louis-Victor de Rochechouart, Duc de Vivonne (1636-1688) Marshal of French forces in Sicily, won an important victory at Messina on 25.03.1676 and became Viceroy of the island.

Goat Island
In Kellidiee Bay, on the Eyre Peninsula

Evans Island
4.2.1802. Flinders. Named after Thomas Evans, Master's mate, Investigator.

Nuyts Archipelago
5.2.1802. Flinders. The first European to sail these waters, Pieter Nuyts. He sailed on Dutch ship Gulde Zeepart that was probably carried too far south by the winds of the Southern Ocean, touched the South Coast of the Great South Land on 26.01.1627 in the neighbourhood of the Head of the Great Australian Bight.

St Francis Island
1627. Nuyts. Flinders recorded the name on 3.2.1802. It was presumably named by the Dutchman after St Francis of Assisi who had established the Franciscan Order of monks. Baudin apparently wanted to name the isles 'Isles St Francois' (Isles of St Francis) after Francois Thyssen, commander of the Gulden Zeepaard. It seems that, surprisingly, Freycinet did not disagree.

St Peter Island
3.2.1802. Flinders. As named by Nuyts in 1627. Baudin named it 'Isle des Olives' (Isle of Olives) whilst Freycinet named it 'Isle Eugene' (Eugene Island) after Napoleon's stepson and viceroy of Italy.

Egg Island
5.2.1802. Flinders. Its shape.

Freeling Island
Named after Major General Sir A.H.Freeling, Surveyor-General of South Australia.

Massillon Island
2.2.1803. Baudin. Named after Bishop Jean-Baptiste Massillon(1633-1742), Bishop of Clermont, preacher and writer at the French court of Louis XIV.

Fenelon Island
30.1.1803. Baudin. Named after Francois de Salignac de la Mothe-Fenelon (1651-1715), French archbishop, theologian and man of letters whose liberal views on politics and education caused concerted opposition from church and state.

Franklin Island
4.2.1802. Flinders. Named after Midshipman, Investigator, John (later Sir) Franklin, who, later in life was promoted to Rear-Admiral in the Royal Navy, and served a term as Governor of Tasmania.

Flinders Reef
4.2.1802. Named after explorer, Matthew Flinders.

Petrel Bay
4.2.1802. Flinders. Petrels seen there.

Decres Bay
3.1.1803. Baudin. Named after Denis Duc Decres (1761-1820), French Admiral.

Destrees Pt
2.1.1803. Baudin. Named after Jacques D'Estrees, French author. Baudin had wanted to name the cape 'Pointe Defies-vous-en' (Point Bear-away-from-it) but Freycinet called it 'C. D'Estrees'.

Laura Bay
Possibly named by Captain Bloomfield Douglas in 1858 after his daughter.

Smoky Bay
6.2.1802. Flinders. Smoke from fires seen here.

Cape Missiessy
3.1.1803. Baudin. Named after Edouard Thomas Burques (1756-1832), Comte de Missiessy, French Admiral.

Pt Dillon
After Captain Dillon. In 1815, Captain Dillon from Van Diemen's Land, went sealing on Kangaroo Island taking 500 seals. He took on board 7 tons of salt from the lagoons near Nepean Bay. Salt and seal skins were South Australia's first exports.

Pt Brown
5.2.1802. Flinders. Named after Robert Brown (1773-1858 ), botanist, Investigator, born at Montrose, educated at the local grammar school with contemporaries Joseph Hume and James Mill, entered Marischal College in Aberdeen, but moved two years later to Edinburgh University. He met Sir Joseph Banks who offered him the post of naturalist to the Investigator expedition. On his return from Australia in 1805, he was appointed librarian to the Linnean Society and in 1810 librarian to Sir Joseph Banks who on his death in 1820 bequeathed to him the use and enjoyment of his library and collections for life. They were transferred to the British Museum in 1827, in agreement with Banks' will.
br> He was president of the Linnean Society from 1849 to 1853. Elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1811, he received its Copley Medal in 1839. He received many other honours, including the pour le Merite of Prussia. He died on 10.06. in the house on Soho Square, London, left to him by Banks. In 1827, he discovered the Brownian Movements.

Cannan Reefs
Possibly named after an assitant government surveyor who surveyed the harbour of Streaky Bay.

Harts Island
Named after Captain John Hart of the schooner Elizabeth. In 1828 he sailed the waters around Australia and reached Hobart. After having been promoted to second mate he visited Western Australia in 1829 on the Britannia. He visited South Australian waters and Kangaroo Island in 1831 as Master of the Elizabeth, a schooner owned by John Griffith of Launceston. Between 1831 and 1834 he worked as a whaler and sealer and organised whaling stations around the coast even before South Australia was established in 1836.

Yatala Reef
1858. Capt. Bloomfield Douglas. Schooner Yatala in which Port Adelaide Harbour Master Douglas made a detailed survey of the West Coast of South Australia.

Gascoigne Bay
Named after Edward Albert Gascoigne, local MP, 1858-1890.

Pt De Mole
1857. Bloomfield Douglas. Named after Cartographer George E. De Mole.

Pt Lindsay
1857. Bloomfield Douglas. Named after John Lindsaay, MLC.

Streaky Bay
6.2.1802. Flinders. Different colours on the beach: "much seaweed floating about."

Dashwood Rock
1857. Capt. Bloomfield Douglas. Named after Lieut George Fredrick Dashwood.

Eba Island
1857. Capt. Bloomfield Douglas. Named after a Friend Of Governor Macdonnell. Previously known as Kiffin Island.

Cape Bauer
6.2.1802. Flinders. Named after Ferdinand Bauer, artist (natural history), Investigator.

Olive Island
6.2.1802. Flinders.Named after John Olive, clerk, Investigator.

Gibson Peninsula
Named after Thomas Mcturk Gibson, pastoralist and first mayor of Port Augusta. Also known as Chiddedly or Chidedly Peninsula.

Corvisart Bay
11.2.1803. Baudin. Named after Baron Jean Corvisart (1775-1821), French surgeon.

Pt Westall
6.2.1802. Flinders. Named after William Westall (1781-1850), artist (landscapes), Investigator. Landscape painter, known by his illustrations to works of travel. Westall was born in Hertford, England, in 1781 and was taught to draw by his elder brother, a professional artist. In 1802 he was studying at the Royal Academy School when he was appointed landscape artist to Matthew Flinders' expedition to Australia in the Investigator.
br> During the voyage he made numerous pencil and wash drawings of places visited by the Investigator, including some of the earliest European copies of Aboriginal cave paintings. However, while he was returning to England in the Porpoise in 1803, many of his works were damaged when the ship was wrecked off the coast of Queensland. He finally reached England in 1805 and three years later exhibited a series of watercolour views based on his Australian drawings.
br> This was followed by a commission from the Admiralty to provide nine illustrations for Flinders' book, Voyage to Terra Australis. A volume of these engravings was also separately issued. In 1812 he was elected an associate of the Royal Academy and regularly exhibited his work there until his death in 1850. His son gave the original drawings from the Investigator voyage to the Royal Commonwealth Society, London and they are now held in the National Library of Australia.

Sceale Bay
Named by Capt Bloomfield Douglas, after a comrade In The Admiralty. Named by captain bloomfield douglas (president of marine board), in 1858. Incorrectly spelt as Scales Bay prior to 1921. Named Baie Lemonier by Baudin (Lemon bay); named Baie des Charpentiers by Freycinet (1802). that name honours Marc-Antoine Charpentiers (1634-1704), French composer of oratorios. Studied painting in Italy, then took up composition under Giacomo Carissimi. His work is marked by its lyricism, skilled polyphony and sensitve use of harmonic resources.

Cape Blanche
1857. Bloomfield Douglas. Named after Blanche MacDonnell, wife of Governor of South Australia, Sir Richard MacDonnell.

Cape Slade
1857. Bloomfield Douglas. Named after W. E. Slade, assistant engineer of harbours.

Searcy Bay
1857. Bloomfield Douglas. Named after A.Searcy, President Of South Australian Marine Board

Pt Labatt
J1857. Bloomfield Douglas. Named after J.B.Labatt, assistant engineer of the Harbours Board of South Australia.

Cape Radstock
10.2.1802. Flinders. Named after Admiral Lord Radstock, Royal Navy.

Jones Island
J1857. Bloomfield Douglas.Named after J.W. Jones, ecretary to commissioner Of South Australian Marine Board.

Baird Bay
Named after one of the area's early sheep graziers, James Baird. He settled there in 1850 and was later murdered by natives.

Port Kenny
Named after Michael Kenny, who, having made his fortune on the Victorian goldfields, moved to Eyre Peninsula where he was one of the first farmers to try to grow grain rather than raise sheep.

Venus Bay
Named after Schooner "Venus", a 40 ton schooner, which traded along the coast until she ran aground at Tumby Bay in 1850.

Pt Weyland
10.2.1802. Flinders. Named after Midshipman, Investigator.

Anxious Bay
11.2.1802. Flinders. Anchored here during a stormy night: "from the night we passed in it."

Waldegrave Islands
10.2.1802. Flinders. Family name of Admiral Radstock. William Waldegrave, 1st Baron Radstock (1753-1825) entered the British navy in 1766, and after many years of service was third in command at the battle of Cape St.Vincent in 1797. In 1800, he was created an Irish peer as Baron Radstock, and in 1802 he became an Admiral. He was Flinders' local member of Parliament.

Cape Finniss
Thought to be named after Colonel Finnis, who formed settlement at Escape Cliffs. 1864.

Waterloo Bay / Point Wellington / Point Wellesley Named in 1865 to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the Battle of Waterloo.

Investigator Group
13.2.1802. Flinders. Named after expedition vessel, Investigator.

Flinders Island
13.2.1802. Flinders. Named after Samuel Flinders, 2nd Lieut., Investigator. He was Matthew Flinders' rather inefficient younger brother.

Pt Malcolm
13.2.1802. Flinders. Named after Captain Pulteney Malcolm. Admiral of the Blue. "He was the son of a humble sheep farmer, and had won his fame, as his brother, Sir John, also had done, without the aid of powerful friends. He had risen to the highest honours of his profession by his own exertions, and his honour, till the other night, had never been questioned; he enjoyed a spotless reputation, and possessed the friendship not only of the great men that were at present in existence, but those who had departed. He was the comrade in arms of the gallant Nelson; and in the last action in which that great man was engaged, he commanded a ship which had the splendid distinction of being called the Happy Donegal.
br> He had the friendship of the first general of the day (the Duke of Wellington). He had the honour of conveying in the ship under his command the hero of Assaye. Sir Pulteney Malcolm at Vigo, landed the future conqueror of the Peninsula. At the special desire of the Duke of Wellington, the flag of Sir Pulteney Malcolm was flying at Ostend when the destinies of the convulsed world were decided in the field of Waterloo. As a conqueror, he became the friend of the conquered. His flag was at St. Helena during the time Napoleon was there, and by the cordiality of his disposition and manners, he not only obtained the confidence, but won the affections of that great man, who, in his last moments, acknowledged his generosity and benevolence."

Ward Island
13.2.1802. Flinders. After his mother's maiden name.

Topgallant Island
13.2.1802. Flinders. Shaped like a top gallant sail.

Pearson Island
13.2.1802. Flinders. Named after crew member, Investigator, who was Flinders' brother in law.

Gap Island
16.2.1802. Flinders. Its location.

Hall Bay
1838. Named by Governor George Gawler, after George Hall.

Pt Drummond
16.2.1802. Flinders. Named after Sir Adam Dummond (1780-1837), Vice Admiral in the Royal Navy.

Rocky Island
16.2.1802. Flinders. Descriptive.

Coffin Bay (right)/ Coffin Bay Peninsula
16.2.1802. Flinders. Named after Sir Isaac Coffin, the Royal Navy's Resident Commissioner at Sheerness who supervised the fitting out of Investigator.

Pt Sir Isaac
16.2.1802. Flinders. Named after Sir Isaac Coffin, who supervised the fitting out of Investigator.

Pt Whidbey / Whidbey Isles
17.2.1802. Flinders. Named after a friend of Flinders, the Master-Attendant at Sheerness, England.

Perforated Island
17.2.1802. Flinders. Descriptive.

Four Hummocks
17.2.1802. Flinders. Descriptive.

Greenly Island
17.2.1802. Flinders. Named after Elizabeth Greenly of Titley Court, the lady to whom Sir Isaac Coffin was engaged. They were married in 1811 and Sir Isaac Coffin assumed the name and arms of Greenly as his wife didn't like the idea of being known as Lady Coffin.

Rocky Island
17.2.1802. Flinders. Descriptive.

Black Rocks
17.2.1802. Flinders. Descriptive.

Avoid Bay / Pt Avoid 17.2.1802. Flinders. from its being exposed to the dangerous southern winds and there are rocks and breakers on each side of the entrance."

Price Island
1857. Bloomfield Douglas. Named after Hon. T. Price, South Australian Premier.

Harpoon Bay
Named during the creation of The Whaler's Way tourist drive. Its name recalls the weapon used to capture whalers.

Redbanks Beach
Descriptive of the red cliff face at the northern end of D'Arville Bay.

D'Anville Bay
6.4.1802. Baudin. Named after Jean D'Arville, a famous 18th Century French geographer and map maker.

Theakestone's Crevasse
Named by Frank J. Mart during the 1930s after George Theakestone and his family, who settled in the area in 1899.

Cape Carnot
6.4.1802. Baudin. Named after Lazare Carnot (right) (1753-1823), a shrewd organiser who was one of the few members of the notorious Committee for Public Safety to keep his head during the French Revolution. He later served Napoleon as Minister for War and managed to survive his downfall, although exiled. Whether this pioneer of the concept of total war deserved a cape named after him is questionable.

Right Whale Crevasse
Recalls the Southern Right Whale which can be seen in the area between July and October each year.

Baleen Blowhole
The Latin name for whale bone.

Cowrie Beach
Cowry shells are commonplace here.

Liguanea Island
18.2.1802. Flinders. Named after Liguanea, a British naval station in Jamaica where Flinders served.

Cooper Bay
18.2.1802. Flinders.

Moonlight Bay
Known by local fisherman as Groper Bay for obvious reasons.

Black's Lookout
Named after Jonathan Black, a Port Lincoln blacksmith who arrived in Australia from Portstewart in Northern Ireland in 1859.

Top Gallant Cliffs
Recalls the upper sails of the early windjammers which sailed this coast in the 19th century. The 122 metre cliff face in the afternoon sun displays a sail effect.

Cape Wiles
18.2.1802. Flinders. A friend in Liguanea who was the Botanist on the Providence and later on Bligh's Bounty.

Sleaford Bay
21.2.1802. Flinders. A town in Lincolnshire, England, the county in which Flinders was born. A market town, it was probably the site of a Roman camp.

Fisheries Bay
Port Lincoln's first fisheries and whaling station were located here.

Sibsey Island
21.2.1802. Flinders. A town in Lincolnshire, England, the county in which Flinders was born.

Cape Tournefort
25.4.1802. Baudin. Named after Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, French botanist (1656-1708). Initially trained in divinity studies, Tournefort arranged the petaliferous plants into classes based on the form of the corolla, then into families based on the position of the corolla, and finally into genera as defined by the character of the fruit and seed. His system, as outlined in Elemens (Paris, 1694) and Institutiones Rei Herbariae (Paris, 1700), provided a standard throughout Europe until displaced by those of Linnaeus (ca.1760) and Jussieu (ca.1780).

Curta Rocks
Previously known as Sleaford Islands, thus named by Matthew Flinders, 21.2.1802, after a town in Lincolnshire, England, the county in which Flinders was born.

Jussieu Bay
25.4.1802. Baudin. Named after Antoine Laurent de Jussieu (1748-1836) right, French botanist/astronomer who sailed to the Cape of Good Hope to chart the heavens in 1750. Born into a French family of distinguished botanist s, Joseph de Jussieu accompanied La Condamine to South America, where he remained until c.1771. He introduced into Europe many plants, including the heliotrope. He was Head Botanist at the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Natural History Museum) in Paris and a member of the Institut National of France

West Pt
21.2.1802. Flinders. Its location in relation to Cape Catastrophe.

Cape Catastrophe
21.2.1802. Flinders. A longboat carrying John Thistle, Master, Investigator, and a team of eight sailors capsized here with all hands lost while rerturning to the Investigator. An interesting aside to the story is Flinders' recollection of a story told to him by Lieut. Fowler hours after the loss of the cutter. It concerned Mr Thistle, and later other crewmen, who visited a fortune teller before the ship left Portsmouth. Thistle was told that he would be lost at sea. The crew were also told that sailors would be lost, but not in the ship they left the harbour in. The prophecies proved to be tragically accurate.

Williams Island
22.2.1802. Flinders. A crew member who drowned off Cape Catastrophe.

Neptune Islands
22.2.1802. Flinders. "... for they seemed to be inaccessible to men".

Gambier Island
24.2.1802. Flinders. Named after James Gambier Lord Gambier (1756-1833), Britlish admiral, born in the Bahamas, where his father was lieutenant-governor, entered the navy in 1767 as a midshipman on board the Yarmouth under the command of his uncle; and, his family interest obtaining for him rapid promotion, he was raised in 1778 to the rank of post-captain. After serving in several actions during the war of the French Revolution, he was appointed governor of Newfoundland. In 1814 he acted in a civil capacity as chief commissioner for negotiating a treaty of peace with the United States. Freycinet alled it Berthier Island.

Wedge Island
22.2.1802. Flinders. Its shape.

North Island
21.2.1802. Flinders. Its position in the island group.

Thorny Passage
22.2.1802. Flinders. The jouney through it was dangerous; 'from the dangerous rocks'.

Thistle Island
22.2.1802. Flinders. Named after John Thistle, Master, investigator, who drowned off Cape Catastrophe with 8 crew members.

Smiths Island
22.2.1802. Flinders. Named after a crew member who drowned off Cape Catastrophe.

Williams Island
22.2.1802. Flinders. Named after a crew member who drowned off Cape Catastrophe.

Little Island
22.2.1802. Flinders. Named after a crew member who drowned off Cape Catastrophe.

Hopkins Island
22.2.1802. Flinders. Named after a crew member who drowned off Cape Catastrophe.

Lewis Island
22.2.1802. Flinders. Named after a crew member who drowned off Cape Catastrophe.

Taylor Island / Taylor Passage
22.2.1802. Flinders. Named after William Taylor, midshipman on Investigator who drowned on 21.02.1802. Flinders wrote: "William Taylor, the midshipman of the boat, was a young officer who promised fair to become an ornament to the service, as he was to society by the amiability of his manners and temper. The six seamen had all volunteered for the voyage. They were active and useful young men; and in a small and incomplete ship's company, which has so many duties to perform, this diminuition of our force was heavily felt".

Observatory Pt
22.2.1802. Flinders. Observations of the area made here.

Memory Cove
22.2.1802. Flinders. Flinders mounted a copper sheet on a pole here in memory of the 8 men who drowned off Cape Catastrophe. The sheet, which is now on display at the South Australian Maritime Museum, read; "Memory Cove, His Majesty's ship Investigator- Matthew Flinders- Commander, anchored here Feb 22 1802, Mr John Thistle, the master- Mr William Taylor, midshipman, and six of the crew unfortunately drowned near this place from being upset in a boat. The wreck of the boat was found but their bodies were not recovered. Nautici Cavete!"

Snug Cove
22.2.1802. Flinders. Cove where the Investigator took shelter.

Cape Donington
25.2.1802. Flinders. Named after Donington, a town in Lincolnshire, England, where Flinders was born.

Boston Bay / Boston Island / Boston Pt
21.2.1802. Flinders. Named after Boston, a town in Lincolnshie, England, the county in which Flinders was born. Baudin named it Champagne Bay (1802).

Port Lincoln
21.2.1802. Flinders. Named after Lincolnshire, England, the county in which Flinders was born. Lincoln is the chief town of Lincolnshire.

Dangerous Reef
21.2.1802. Flinders. Descriptive.

Sir Joseph Banks Group
21.2.1802. Flinders. Named after the famed botanist, Sir Joseph Banks (1743-1820). Born in Argyle Street, London. As his father was a successful Lincolnshire doctor, who became sheriff of his county and represented Peterborough in Parliament, he was brought up as the son of a rich man. In 1760, he went to Oxford, where he showed a decided taste for natural science and was the means of introducing botanical lectures into the curriculum. In 1764, his father died and left him an ample fortune. From his first expedition to Newfoundland and Labrador in 1766, he returned with a rich collection of plants and insects. Soon afterwards, Captain Cook was sent by the Government to observe the transit of Venus in the Pacific Ocean.
br> Through the good offices of his friend Lord Sandwich, he obtained leave to join the Endeavour expedition which he had fitted out at his own expense. He induced Dr.Daniel Solander, the distinguished pupil of Linnaeus, to accompany him. He even engaged draughtsmen and painters to delineate such objects of interest as did not admit transportation and preservation. This voyage occupied three years and led to many hardships, but its rich harvest of discovery became a more than adequate compensation. Banks also wanted to join Cook's second expedition on which he spent a great deal of money, engaging assistants and providing necessary equipment, but circumstances did not allow him to do so.
br> In 1778, Banks succeeded Sir John Pringle as President of the Royal Society, of which he became a Fellow in 1766, and held this position until his death. He was made a Baronet in 1781 and received the Order of the Bath in 1795. In 1797, he was admitted to the Privy Council. He died at Isleworth. Freycinet called the group the Leoben Islands.

Stickney Island
25.2.1802. Flinders.Named after Stickney, a town in Lincolnshire, England, the county in which Flinders was born.

Spilsby Island
25.2.1802. Flinders. Named after Spilsby (right), a town in Lincolnshire, England, the county in which Flinders was born, the town where the Franklins (investigator crew members) lived.

Bicker Islands
25.2.1802. Flinders. Named after Bicker, a town in Lincolnshire, England, the county in which Flinders was born.

Surfleet Island
25.2.1802. Flinders. Named after Surfleet, a town in Lincolnshire, England, the county in which Flinders was born.

Grantham Island
25.2.1802. Flinders. Named after the municipal and parliamentary borough of Grantham, Lincolnshire, on the river Witham, is supposed to have been a Roman station.

Kirton Point
25.2.1802. Flinders. Named after Kirton, a town in Lincolnshire, England, the county in which Flinders was born.

Roxby Island
25.2.1802. Flinders. Named after Roxby, a town in Lincolnshire, England, the county in which Flinders was born.

Revesby Island
7.3.1802. Flinders. Named after the village of Revesby and Revesby Abbey in Lincolnshire, England, near Horncastle, Banks' Lincolnshire seat.

Kirkby Island
7.3.1802. Flinders. Named after Kirkby, a village in Lincolnshire, England, the county in which Flinders was born.

Langton Island
7.3.1802. Flinders. Named after Langton, a village in Lincolnshire, England, the county in which Flinders was born.

Dalby Island
7.3.1802. Flinders. Named after Dalby, a village in Lincolnshire, England, the county in which Flinders was born. It was Rev. M. Tyler's parish.

Hareby Island
7.3.1802. Flinders. Named after Hareby, a village in Lincolnshire, England, the county in which Flinders was born.

Lusby Island
7.3.1802. Flinders. Named after Lusby, a village in Lincolnshire, England, the county in which Flinders was born.

Partney Island
7.3.1802. Flinders. Named after Partney, a village in Lincolnshire, England, the county in which Flinders was born. It is the place where Miss Chappell lived, and where Flinders was married to her.

Marum Island
7.3.1802. Flinders. Named after a village in Lincolnshire, England, the county in which Flinders was born, the residence of Mr. Stephenson, Sir Joseph Banks' agent.

Winceby Island
7.3.1802. Flinders. Named after Winceby, a village in Lincolnshire, England, the county in which Flinders was born.

Louth Bay Island
25.2.1802. Flinders. Named after Louth, a town in Lincolnshire, England, the county in which Flinders was born.

Pt Bolingbroke
25.2.1802. Flinders. Named after Bolingbroke, a village in Lincolnshire, England, the county in which Flinders was born.

Spalding Cove
26.2.1802. Flinders. Named after Spalding (right), a town in Lincolnshire, England, the county in which Flinders was born. A market town on the river Welland with a history reaching back to the Thirteenth Century.

Massena Bay
1802. Baudin. Named after Andre Massena (1758-1817), French Marshal, Prince de Essling, Duc de Rivoli, a general of Napoleon Bonaparte. During the Revolutionary period of European history an unusual number of brilliant young officers rose to positions of command in the armies of France. Among them was Andre Massena, who proved to be one of Napoleon's most talented and reliable army commanders.
br> Indeed, he has often been ranked second only to Napoleon himself, but few are familiar with his feats on the battlefield or his career. Wellington defeated Massena at Busaco in 1810. Marshal Massena foolishly attacked the English without proper preparations, and was hurled back with heavy losses.

Cape Euler
1.1803. Baudin. Named after a family of Swiss mathematicians.

Tumby Island / Tumby Bay
7.3.1802. Flinders. Named after a village in Lincolnshire, England, the county in which Flinders was born.

Lipson Island
C Sturt. Named after Thomas Lipson, Harbor Master.

Cape Hardy
Named after Alfred Hardy, assistant surveyor to Colonel Light.

Dutton Bay
1857. Capt. Bloomfield Douglas. Named after F.S. Dutton, Commissioner of Crown Lands.

Cape Driver
Named after Charles John Driver, pioneer settler.

Arno Bay
Said to be the native name for a sandhill well, which the bay takes its name from, not from any Italian association as some have supposed. However, the Hallet brothers held country near Arno Bay, and Alfred Hallet had a farm in the Barossa district which he called Arno Vale. Then again there is an Arno's Vale near Newry, Ireland, where John Reid came from to settle in Gawler in 1839, and as Arno Vale is only a few miles from Gawler, this association may have some significance. Previously known as Salt Creek Cove.

Gibbon Point / Port Gibbon
1838. Gov. Gawler. Named after Captain J.H.Gibbon, senior nautical warden of the Marine Board.

Germein Pt / Germein Bay
1840. Named after John Germain, Head Pilot who explored the coast here in 1840. Alternative is that it recalls john's brother, Samuel Germein, who discovered the inlet while taking stores to Edward Eyre at the head of Spencer Gulf in 1840.

Franklin Harbour
1840. Gov George Gawler. Named after Sir John Franklin, Artic Explorer.

Shoalwater Pt
Descriptive.

Plank Pt
Name suggested by hydrographic service, Royal Australian Navy, reason for the name is not known.

False Bay
Gave the appearance of a much larger bay.

Pt Lowly
8.3.1802. Flinders. Its appearance.

Fitzgerald Bay
J.C.Fitzgerald, M.P. Previously known as Backy Bay after Rebecca McCarthy, wife of W McCarthy, 1st pilot and harbourmaster of Port Augusta..

Port Augusta
Named after Augusta Young, wife of Governor of South Australia.

Backy Pt
Originally known as Becky Pt after Rebecca McCarthy, wife of W McCarthy, 1st pilot and harbourmaster of Port Augusta.

Eyre Peninsula
Named recalls John Eyre, explorer, who was the first to cross on land from South Australia to the west coast. British explorer and Colonial Governor (1815-1901). As son of a Yorkshire clergyman, was intended for the army, but delays having arisen in producing a commission, he went out to New South Wales, to engage in the difficult, but very necessary undertaking of transporting stock westward to the new Colony of South Australia, then in great distress, where he became Magistrate and protector of the aborigines, whose interests he warmly advocated.
br> Already experienced as an Australian traveler, he undertook the most extensive and difficult journeys in the desert country north and west of Adelaide and proved the possibility of land communication between South and West Australia. He became in succession Lieutenant-Governor of New Zealand, Governor of Vincent and Antigua, and of Jamaica. He died on 30.11. In April 1802. Baudin named it Cambaceres Peninsula, in honour of Jean Jacques Regis de Cambaceres (1753-1824), french statesman.

Yatala Harbour
Ship Yatala which delivered supplies to the west coast in the late 1830's & early 1840's.
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Ward Pt 10.3.1802. Flinders. Named after a crew member, Investigator.

Pt Jarrold
Previously known as Bossnet Point after French vessel Bossnet, which visited these shores in 1873.

Port Broughton
Governor Fergusson. Talkes its name from Broughton River which was named by Edward Eyre in 1839 when he passed through the area and named the local river, after William Grant Broughton, the first Anglican Archbishop of Australia.

Fisherman Bay
Once a collection of fishermen's shacks.

Webling Pt
Named Cape St Vincent de Paule (after Saint Vincent) by Baudin. The name was changed to avoid confusion, since Cape St Vincent is on Spencers Gulf and not on Gulf St Vincent. Named Du Bellov Cap by Freycinet (1802).

Tickera Pt
Corruption of an Aboriginal word. Formerly known as Myponie Point.

Pt Riley
15.3.1802. Flinders. Named after a member of the Admiralty Board. Named Cap de Condoreel by Baudin (1802).

Pt Pearce
18.3.1802. Flinders. Named after a member of the Admiralty Board. Flinders may not have been aware that Wardang Island was not part of mainland, hence Point Pearce being shown on the western edge of island. Accepted location is on mainland.

Wardang Island
Aboriginal word for crow. Named Ile Dalberg by Baudin (1802) after Joseph-Wolfgang-Heribert de Dalberg; Duke of Dalberg, a minister and a peer of France by King Louis XVIII. Its Aboriginal name is Wauraltee, meaning 'Bandicoot'. This name has now been given to a nearby reef.

Wallaroo Bay
Corruption of Aboriginal word Wadlu Waru meaning wallaby's urine. Named Paseal Baie by Baudin (1802).

Bird Island
18.3.1802. Flinders. many flocks of birds seen there.

Tiparra Bay / Tiparra Reef
Governor Daly. Native name of the area. Also known as Moonta Bay.

Cape Elizabeth
Previously known by its native name, Nalyappa Point.

Reef Pt
18.3.1802. Flinders. Descriptive.

Pt Gawler
1838. Governor George Gawler. Named after himself, Colonel George Gawler (1795- 1869), south Australia's second governor, October 1838 - May 1841.

Brown Pt
18.3.1802. Flinders. Named after Robert Brown (1773-1858 ), botanist, Investigator, born at Montrose, educated at the local grammar school with contemporaries Joseph Hume and James Mill, entered Marischal College in Aberdeen, but moved two years later to Edinburgh University. He met Sir Joseph Banks who offered him the post of naturalist to the Investigator expedition. On his return from Australia in 1805, he was appointed librarian to the Linnean Society and in 1810 librarian to Sir Joseph Banks who on his death in 1820 bequeathed to him the use and enjoyment of his library and collections for life.
br> They were transferred to the British Museum in 1827, in agreement with Banks' will. He was president of the Linnean Society from 1849 to 1853. Elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1811, he received its Copley Medal in 1839. He received many other honours, including the pour le Merite of Prussia. He died on 10.06. in the house on Soho Square, London, left to him by Banks. In 1827, he discovered the Brownian Movements.

Pt Souttar
Captain Hutchinson. Named after John Souttar, manager of the Bank of Adelaide.

Corny Pt
19.3.1802. Flinders. A remarkable cape. formerly known by its Aboriginal name, Nganepa.

Hardwicke Bay
19.3.1802. Flinders. Named by Baudin 1803 as Presqu'Ile Cambaceres after French statesman Jean Jacques regis De Cambaceres, duke of Parma (1753-1824).

Daly Head
Previously knswn as Bald Head and by its Aboriginal name, Ngadjali.

West Cape
20.3.1802. Flinders. Its location.

Cape Spencer / Spencer Gulf
20.3.1802. Flinders. Named after George John, Earl Spencer (1758-1834). Served in the ministries of Pitt, Fox and Grenfield and was First Lord of the Admiralty 1794-1802. He inherited from the 3rd Earl of Sunderland the Althorp library which he developed into one of the finest private libraries in Europe. Freycinet named Cape Spencer 'Cape Berthier' and Spencers Gulf was named 'Golfe Bonaparte' after General Napoleon Bonaparte. One of the strangest names ever given to an Australian coastal feature was that given by Baudin. He wanted to name it after himself, but not wishing to appear vain, he named it 'Golfe de La Melomanie' (Music Mania Gulf), because of his deep love of music.

Althorpe Island
20.3.1802. Flinders. Named after John Charles Spencer, Viscount Althorp (without an 'e'), the eldest son of Lord Spencer. There is, however, a village in Lincolnshire, England, the county in which Flinders was born. It is a parish on Axholme, an island in Lincolnshire between the rivers Trent, Idle and Don, the seat of Viscount Althorp. Althorp is now the name of the Spencer family estate in Northamptonshire, north of London.
br> It is the location of the memorial to the late Princess Diana. Baudin named the Althorpe Islands 'Archipelago de L'Est' (Eastern Archipelago), Freycinet named them Ile Vauban. The name honours Sebastien Le Prestre de Vauban (1633-1707), French military engineer who revolutionised the art of seige craft and defensive fortifications. He fought all of France's wars of Louix XIV's reigh (1643-1715).

Pt Marsden
21.3.1802. Flinders. Named after English Orientalist William Marsden (1754-1836), Second Secretary to the Admiralty, born at Verval, Co. Wicklow, appointed 1795 Second Secretary and then First Secretary to the Admiralty, Named Cape Brune by Baudin, 8.4.1802, in honour of Guillaume Mare Ann Brune (1763-1815), Marshal of France under Napoleon.

Marion Bay
Named after Marion Fisher, daughter of early settler, James Hurtle Fisher. Has also been recorded as being named after the steamer Marion which was wrecked on a reef (now known as Marion Reef) near the Althorpe Islands, however, the bay was shown so named prior to the shipwreck. Named by Baudin as Baie Voltaire after Francois-Marie Arouet Voltaire (1694-1778), French writer, satirist, the embodiment of the 18th-century Enlightenment, remembered as a crusader against tyranny and bigotry.

Hillock Pt
20.3.1802. Flinders. Descriptive.

Pt Yorke / Yorke Peninsula
30.3.1802. Flinders. Named after Charles Phillip Yorke (1764-1834). Member of Parliament for Cambridgeshire, later for Liskenard, became secretary of state of war in Addington's ministry in 1802. He opposed concessions to Roman Catholics and caused exclusion of strangers, including press reporters, from the House of Commons. He became First Lord of the Admiralty in 1810. Named by Baudin as Presqu'Ile Cambaceres after Jean-Jacques Regis Cambaceres, Duke of Parma (1802).

Pt Davenport
Gov. Robe. Named after Samuel Davenport. Also known as Davenport Anchorage.

Point Gilbert
Named after Joseph Gilbert, Father Of W Gilbert, local residents.

Troubridge Pt/ Troughbrige Shoals
30.3.1802. Flinders. Named after Sir Thomas Troubridge (c.1758-1807), English Admiral, educated at St.Paul's School, London, entered the navy in 1773. After seeing service in the West Indies, he was taken prisoner period by the French for a short in 1794. He commanded the Culloden at the battle of St.Vincent in 1797. From 1802-1804, he was a lord of the Admiralty and was made a rear-admiral just before his retirement. He perished in January 1807 off the coast of Madagascar when his ship Blenheim foundered in a cyclone.

Sultana Pt
The Barque 'Sultana' wrecked there in 1849.

Macdonnell Sound
Named after Sir Richard Graves MacDonnell, Governor of South Australia, June 1855 - March 1862.

Wool Bay
Named by Governor Barclay-Harvey. Wool was shipped from here.

Gulf St Vincent / Pt Vincent
30.3.1802. Flinders. Named after Earl St Vincent, President of the Board of the Admiralty. Baudin wanted to name the gulf 'Golfe de la Mauvaise' because of the bad conditions there, however, in his log Baudin named it Golfe de la Misanthropie (Mankind-hater Gulf). To futher confuse things, it was marked as Golfe Josephine on Peron's charts in 1803 "in honour of our august Empress".
br> It was a blatant piece of courtiership; but unfortunately Napoleon's nuptial arrangements were in a state of flux, and when the trenchant Quarterly reviewer of 1810 came to discuss the work, the place of Josephine was occupied by Marie Louise. It was saucily suggested: "Bonaparte has since changed it for Louisa's Gulf."

Mangrove Pt
Mangroves growing there.

Port Arthur
Named after Arthur D Musgrave, son of Governor Musgrave.

Port Wakefield
Named after the River Wakefield which was located in 1838 by William Hill who named it after Edward Wakefield, the person whose vision of colonisation had been largely responsible for the establishment of South Australia.

Port Pirie
Named after Capt. Thompson's schooner John Pirie.

Sandy Pt
1.10.1836. William Light. Descriptive.

Port Adelaide
Formerly known as Jones's Harbour. After sealing on Kangaroo Island late in 1833, Captain John Jones in the schooner Henry crossed over to Cape Jervis and proceeded west along the coast to discover a fine harbour sheltered by an island entrance which was called Jones's Harbour his honour. Adelaide was named after Adelheid Amalie Luise Theresa Carolin of Saxe-Meiningen, wife of King William IV. Prinzessin Adelheid Amalie Luise Therese Carolin was born in the castle of Meiningen, Germany, in 1792.
br> In July 1818 she married the heir to the British throne, and she changed the spelling of her name from Adelheid to Adelaide. In 1830 William was crowned King William IV of Great Britain, and Adelaide was crowned Queen of Great Britain and Hanover.

Torrens Island
1857. Capt. Bloomfield Douglas. Named after Colonel Sir Robert Torrens, friend of explorer Charles Sturt and founder of the Adelaide newspaper, The Register.

Largs Bay
Named after Largs, on the Firth of Clyde, Scotland.

Holdfast Bay
1.10.1836. William Light. A good anchorage.

Hallett Cove
Named after the Hallett Brothers, early settlers in the area.

Blanche Pt
Named after Blanche MacDonnell, wife of Governor of South Australia, Sir Richard MacDonnell.

Aldinga Bay
Aboriginal word meaning 'place to hunt for meat'.

Carrickalinga Head / Point
A word of Aboriginal origin, believed to be the name of the local tribew. Also spelt Carricalinga. Named Cap Laetitia by Baudin (1802) and Pointe aux Aigles by Freycinet (1802).

Port Yankalilla
Name of Aboriginal origin, Also known as Yooungalilla, Yankalyailla and Yankalya-illa.

Rapid Bay / Rapid Head
1.10.1836. William Light. Named after the expedition vessel, the brig Rapid. Colonel light and staff arrived on the Rapid at this bay in 1836

Cape Jervis
23.3.1802. Flinders. Family name of Earl St Vincent, President of the Board of the Admiralty. John Jervis, Viscount St.Vincent (1735-1823) was born at Meaford, Staffordshire on 09.01., entered the Royal Navy on 04.01.1749, became Lieutenant on 19.02.1755, Vice-admiral in 1793 and Admiral in 1795. He was a strict disciplinarian and dealt rigorously with rampant unrest under his command, treating men as well as officers harshly, earning the reputation of having raised the discipline in the Royal Navy.
br> He became first Lord of the Admiralty in 1802 and held it until Pitt returned to power in 1803. Baudin named it Cap de La Secheresse (Cape Barren) whilst Freycinet called it Cap d'Alembert after Jean-le-Rond d'Alembert (1717-1783), French mathematician who was abandoned as a baby on the steps of the church of St. Jean Baptiste de Rond.

Backstairs Passage
7.4.1802. Flinders. Back entrance to Investigator Strait and St Vincents Gulf from Bass Strait. Baudin named it Detroit de Colbert (Colbert Strait) after Jean Baptiste Colbert (1619-1683), a distinguished French statesman, minister of finance in the reign of Louis XIV.

Investigator Strait
30.3.1802. Flinders. Named after the expedition vessel, Investigator. Baudin named it Detroit de Lacepede (Lacepede Strait) after Bernard de Lacepede, naturalist, Geographe.

Kangaroo Island
23.3.1802. Flinders. 31 kangaroos killed there for food. Baudin had wanted to name it 'Isle Borda' after Jean-Charles de Borda, the celebrated French navigator, mathematician and astronomer who had died in 1799. Freycinet preferred to name it Ile Decres after Admiral Denis Duc du Decres, a French Minister of Marine and Colonies who died in 1820.

Dashwood Bay
1857. Capt. Bloomfield Douglas. Named after Lieut George Fredrick Dashwood.

Cape Cassini
16.4.1802. Baudin. Named after a French family of astronomers. Cesar Francois, or Cassini De Thury worked at the Paris observatory, Jacques Dominique (1748-1845), or Count Cassini, also at the Paris observatory.

Stokes Bay
Mr Stokes was the first mate on the Hartley which arrived at Kangaroo Island in October 1837. He resided on the island for many years. The bay was surveyed by Capt Bloomfield Douglas in 1857. Named D'Anville Bay by Baudin, 25.4.1802, in honour of Jean-baptiste Bourguignon D'Anville (1697-1782), French cartographer.

Cape Forbin
3.1.1803. Baudin. Named after Claude Comte de Forbin (1656-1733). French naval commander (right), born in Provence, ran away as a boy from his well-to-do home and was helped by an uncle to enter the navy, serving in his first campaign at an age of 19. Especially noteworthy was his experience when he accompanied the Chevalier de Chaumont, sent on a mission by Louis XIV to Siam to introduce there the Christian religion and European civilization.
br> When Chaumont returned, Forbin stayed behind as advisor to the King of Siam and eventually became Grand Admiral, General of all the King's armies and Governor of Bangkok. His position became untenable as the result of intrigues of the minister Phaulcon, a Greek adventurer in the king's service. His autobiography, published in 1730, is of great interest due to his graphic and attractive style.

Cape Dutton
Capt Bloomfield Douglas. Named after NF.S.Dutton, Commissioner Of Crown Land. Named Cape D'Estaing by Baudin, 16.4.1802, in honour of Jean-Baptiste Comte D'Estaing (1729-94), French Admiral, born at Chateau de Ruvel, Auvergne, entered the infantry in 1757 and the Navy in 1763. He obtained the command of the French fleet to assist the United States against Britain in 1778. He remained a royalist after the revolution, but nevertheless was appointed Commandant of the National Garde in 1789. At Marie Antoinette's trial in 1793, he bore testimony in her favour, a fact which in combination with friendly letters between him and the queen led to his trial and eventual execution on 28.02.1793.

Snug Cove
1857. Capt. Bloomfield Douglas. Its shape.

Cape Torrens
1857. Capt. Bloomfield Douglas. Named after Robert Torrens (1780-1864). English soldier and economist, born in Ireland, entered the Marines in 1797, became a captain in 1806, and major in 1811 for bravery in Anhalt during the Walcheren expedition. After several attempts, he entered parliament in 1831 for Ashburton. He was a prolific writer, principally on financial and commercial policy. He was a friend of explorer Charles Sturt and founder of the Adelaide newspaper, The Register.

Cape Borda
16.4.1802. Baudin. Named after Jean Charles de Borda (1733-1799). French mathematician and astronomer, entered the army at age of twenty, devoting his leisure to mathematics. He became a member of the Academy of Sciences in 1723 and a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1728. In 1736, he led the expedition for the measurement of the length of a degree of the meridian to Lapland. On his return, he was elected member of almost all the learned societies of Europe. In 1742, he became Director of the French Academy of Sciences. He revisited Berlin, at the invitation of Frederick II of Prussia in 1744 and became the President of the Royal Academy of Sciences in 1746. After retirement in the South of France, he died in Basel on 27.07. He was rather querulous as was demonstrated by his controversies with Voltaire.

Vennacher Pt
Loch Vennachar, 3 masted iron ship,1552 tons, which disappeared in the vicinity in September 1905, never to be seen again. The ketch Annie Watt fished out some of the Loch Vennachar's cargo from Gulf St Vincent and the steamer Governor Musgrave was sent on two separate occasions to search for the wreck and any survivors. The search was eventually abandoned on October 12th. In November huge amounts of heavy wreckage were discovered at West Bay on the Western tip of Kangaroo Island.
br> The further discovery of a decomposed body on November 26th led to a theory that the ill fated Loch Vennachar had, in dreadful weather, sailed directly into rocks under the cliffs. The razor sharp rocks and "a sea teeming with sharks" evidently saw the end of the entire crew. It was not until 1976 that the shipwreck was located by the Society for Underwater Historical Research. In 1980 the bower anchor was raised and put on display in the Flinders Chase National Park on Kangaroo Island.

West Bay
November 1857. Capt. Bloomfield Douglas. Descriptive of its location.

Cape Bedout
3.1.1803. Baudin. Named after Jacques Bedout (1751-1818), rear admiral.

Maupertuis Bay
3.1.1803. Baudin. Named after Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (1689-1759). French mathematician and astronomer, born at St. Malo, entered the army at age of twenty, devoting his leisure to mathematics. He became a member of the Academy of Sciences in 1723 and a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1728. In 1736, he led the expedition for the measurement of the length of a degree of the meridian to Lapland. On his return, he was elected member of almost all the learned societies of Europe.
br> In 1742, he became Director of the French Academy of Sciences. He revisited Berlin, at the invitation of Frederick II of Prussia in 1744 and became the President of the Royal Academy of Sciences in 1746. After retirement in the South of France. He was rather querulous as was demonstrated by his controversies with Voltaire.

Cape du Couedic
2.1.1803. Baudin. Named after Charles Louis Chevalier du Couedic de Kerguelen (1740-1780), French navigator who sailed in search of the southland in 1772.

Casuarina Islets
3.1.1803. Baudin. Named after the supply ship, Casuarina. Baudin's third vessel which replaced Le Naturaliste.

Kirkpatrick Point
November 1857. Capt. Bloomfield Douglas, Named after Hon. W Or A.A. Kirkpatrick, Chief Secretary.

Sanderson Bay
1857. Capt. Bloomfield Douglas. Named after F.J.Sanderson, South Australian Collector Of Costoms.

Cape Younghusband
November 1857. Capt. Bloomfield Douglas. Named after William Younghusband, M.P. and merchant. Douglas named the cape when surveying in the Yatala in 1857.

Hanson Bay
November 1857. Capt. Bloomfield Douglas. Named after Chief Justice Sir R.D.Hanson.

Cape Bouguer
3.1.1803. Baudin. Named after Pierre Bouguer (1698-1758) French mathematician. His father was Professor of Hydrography at Croisic in lower Brittany. He succeeded his father in 1713. In 1730, he became Professor of Hydrography at Havre, after having won several prizes of the French Academy of Sciences for research into astronomical measurements. He succeeded Maupertuis as associate geometer of the Academy. He spent ten years on the measurement of a degree of the meridian involving an expedition to Peru, published in 1749 with the title "Figure de la terre determinee".

Cape Kersaint
3.1.1803. Baudin. Named after Armand Guy Simone Coethempren, Comte de Kersaint (1742-1793). He entered the navy in 1755 and gained the rank of ensign for bravery in action in 1757 while serving on his father's ship. He sided with the revolution inspite of his high birth. He became a vice-admiral on 01.01.1793 and pursued vigorously ideas for the modernisation of the French Navy. However, he voted against the execution of the king and resigned from the Convention. He was executed on 04.12.

Pt Ellen
November 1857. Capt. Bloomfield Douglas. Named after Douglas's second daughter.

Vivonne Bay
3.1.1803. Baudin. Named after Louis-Victor de Rochechouart, Duc de Vivonne (1636-1688) Marshal of French forces in Sicily, won an important victory at Messina on 25.03.1676 and became Viceroy of the island.

Cape Ganthaeume
3.1.1803. Baudin. Named after Comte de Gantheaume (1755-1818), French Admiral, succeeded in slipping out of Brest on 13.01.1802 with a squadron of seven sail of the line when a gale had driven the British blockading forces off the coast. He entered the Mediterranean, but never managed to land in Egypt.

Cape Linois
3.1.1803. Baudin. Named after Charles Durand Comte de Linois (1761-1848), French rear admiral.

D'Estrees Bay
3.1.1803. Baudin. Named after Louis-Victor de Marie, Marquis de Coeuvres, Duc D'Estrees (1660-1737), French Marshal and Admiral.

Pt Reynolds
It is not known who named this coastal feature, or why. It possibly honours Hon T Reynolds, MP, 1857-73.

Pennington Bay
November 1857. Capt. Bloomfield Douglas. Named after Joseph Pennington who perished near Prospect Hill (or Mount Thisby) while on a trip to American River on the 'Young Australian' which left Port Adelaide on 28/12/1855. He was lost in the scrub, his remains were never found.

False Cape
24.3.1803. Flinders. Gave the impression of being larger than it is.

Cape Hart
Capt. Bloomfield Douglas. Named after Captain John Hart of the schooner Elizabeth. In 1828 he sailed the waters around Australia and reached Hobart. After having been promoted to second mate he visited Western Australia in 1829 on the Britannia. He visited South Australian waters and Kangaroo Island in 1831 as Master of the Elizabeth, a schooner owned by John Griffith of Launceston. Between 1831 and 1834 he worked as a whaler and sealer and organised whaling stations around the coast even before South Australia was established in 1836.

Cape Willoughby
23.3.1802. Flinders. Named after Sir Nesbit Josiah Willoughby (1777-1856), an offspring of a long established family of Nottinghamshire, entered the Royal Navy in 1790 and excelled by his unruly conduct which led to his discharge in 1800. He rejoined the navy in 1803 when war broke out with France. He commanded the Nereide frigate during its fight against a much stronger French force at Port Louis, Mauritius, just before Matthew Flinders was released from internment. This is probably when Flinders got the idea of using his name.

Cape St Albans
1850. T. Lipson. Named after St Albans, Herefordshire, England, his home town.

Dudley Peninsular
Named after Earl of Dudley, Australia's Governor General, 1908-1911. Formerly MacDonnell Peninsula after Governor MacDonnell from 1858 to 1986. Re-named the Dudley Peninsula in 1986. Freycinet named it 'Presqu'ile de La Galissonniere' (Galissonniere Peninsula) after Roland Michael Barrin, Comte De La Galissonniere (1693-1756), a distinguished French naval officer. During the years between 1747 and 1756, he served as the administrator of Canada.

Antechamber Bay
24.3.1803. Flinders. Descriptive of its shape and size. Freycinet named it Baie Duguay-Trouin after Rene Duguay-Trouin (1673-1736), French privateer and naval officer. whose successes against the English and the Dutch in the wars of King Louis XIV caused him to rise rapidly in command.

Eastern Cove
21.3.1802. Flinders. Its location on Kangaroo Island.

Pt Morrison
21.3.1802. Flinders. Named Cap des Kangaroo (Cape Kangaroo) by Baudin.

Western Cove
21.3.1802. Flinders. Its location on Kangaroo Island. Named Anse des Phoques (Seal Cove) by Baudin.

Kangaroo Head
21.3.1802. Flinders. Many kangarros shot here. Named Cap Delambre by Baudin after Jean-Baptiste Delambre, a French astronomer.

Hog Bay
Governor Wallen's pigs wallowed in the water springs that Flinders discovered. Baudin called the bay 'Anse des Sources' (Cove of Springs). Baudin anchored Geographe at the cove and a party of men landed to search for water. They had to dig a few holes in the cove to get enough water for their daily consumption. One day, while waiting for one of the water casks to fill, one of the French sailors roughly inscribed a message onto a nearby rock.
br> The inscription read: - "Expedition de decouverte par le commandant Baudin sur le Geographe 1803". The original rock deteriorated so much that it was removed and a replica was put in its place. The rock was returned to the island in 1996 and is now located in the Gateway Information Centre at Penneshaw. The spot at the bay is now called Frenchman's Rock.

Busby Islet
21.3.1802. Flinders. Originally identified by Flinders as bushy island, but it appears that a spelling error has resulted in Busby Island being the accepted name. Busby Island is shown on Marine & Harbours Board charts from 1869, but is still shown as Bushy Island on admiralty charts.

Nepean Bay
21.3.1802. Flinders. Named after Sir Evan Nepean, 1st Secretary to the British Admiralty. Named Port Dache by Baudin.

Bay of Shoals
21.3.1802. Flinders. Descriptive.

The Pages Islets
21.3.1802. Flinders. Flinders named Backstairs Passage and Antechamber Bay at the same entry in his journals on the same day, possibly a simile as all all deal with a house entry.

Fleurieu Peninsula
8.4.1802. Baudin. Named after Charles Pierre Claret, Comte de Fleurieu, French Minister for Marine in the 1790s. It was Fleurieu who lobbied the Emperor Napoleon to support Baudin's Australian voyage. The name Fleurieu remained unrecognised until a nephew of Fleurieu's, Compte Alphonse de Fleurieu visited Australia in 1905.

In 1911 he encouraged the Surveyor General to adopt the names given by French explorers to places that did not have a name. Another source says Baudin was so taken by the wildflowers which covered the area, he named it Fleurieu Peninsula, which literally means Flowering Peninsula.

Porpoise Head
21.3.1802. Flinders. Named Pointe de la Secheresse by baudin (1802) and Cap Dupleix by Freycinet (1802). The name recalls Joseph Francois Dupleix 91697-1763), French colonial administrator in India.

Newland Hd
Name given by early European settlers in the area. Previously known as Anxious Bay.

West Island
Its location to the west of Encounter Bay.

Rosetta Head / Rosetta Bay
Named after Rosetta Angas, wife of George Fife Angas, one of Kingscote's founders.

Encounter Bay
9.4.1802. Flinders. Named for the accidental meeting here between Flinders and French expedition leader, Nicolas Baudin. Baudin made no reference to the encounter with Fliners, choosing instead to call it 'Baie des Invalides' (Invalids Bay). On Freycinet's charts it was named Baie Mollien. that name honours Comte Nicolas-Francois Mollien (1758-1850), French statesman and one of Napoleon's chief financial advisers.

Mollien was administrator of the sinking fund which financed Baudin's expedition and was from time to time minister of the public treasury until 1815. Cape Jervis was apparently still in sight during the 'encounter'. It is interesting to note that Freycinet used the name Mollien for Encounter Bay and also used that name for a location that Baudin wanted to name Encounter Cape. When Baudin used the name Cap de La Rencontre (Encounter Cape) for a nearby location, Freycinet called it Cap Mollien.

Victor Harbour
1838. Governor George Gawler. Named after HMS Victor, commanded by Captain Richard Crozier, who surveyed the area in 1837. That same year a whaling station was established on Granite Island, managed by Captain Blenkinsopp. The bay's Aboriginal name was Poltong.

Granite Island
9.4.1802. Flinders. Descriptive of rock found there.

Seal Island
Seal colony there in early colonial days.

Commodore Pt
Schooner Commodore wrecked there, 1856.

Pullens Island / Port Pullen
Named after J.W.Pullen, Colonial Marine Surveyor.

Hindmarsh Island
Strangways & Hutching. Named after the South Australian Governor, Captain John Hindmarsh. In HMS Buffalo founded Adelaide, 1836.

Mundoo Island
Aboriginal word meaning fish.

Lake Alexandrina
Sturt. Named after Princess Victoria Alexandrina. Previously known as Lake Victoria and by various aboriginal names - Parnka, Kayingza and Mungkuli.

Lake Albert
Gov. Gawler. Named after Prince Albert, Consort To Queen Victoria. Its Aboriginal name is Yarli.

Sir Richard Peninsula
Named after Governor of South Australia, Sir Richard Graves MacDonnell,

Younghusband Peninsula
Named after William Younghusband, M.P. and merchant.

The Coorong
Derived from its Aboriginal word, Kurangh, meaning neck. iIs Aboriginal name, Pandalapi, was suggested but never adopted.

Lacepede Bay
7.4.1802. Baudin. Named after Etienne de La Ville-sur-Illon, Comte de Lacepede (1756-1825) right, French naturalist and politician who made original contributions to the knowledge of fishes and reptiles. After the rise of Napoleon, he turned his attention excluseively to politics. He was elewcted to the French senate in 1799 and became President of that body in 1801, receiving the Legion of Honour in 1803. He was largely responsible for gaining government approval for Baudin's expedition. His nephew, Bernard de Lacepede, was an expedition naturalist with the frigate, Geographe.

Beare Point
Named by Freycinet as Cap du Geographe (Cape Geographe) after the expedition vessel, Geographe.

Cape Jaffa
Baudin called it Cap Barre (Obstructed Cape), Freycinet's called it Cap Bernouilli. The name honours Johann Bernoulli (1667-1748), from a family of Swiss mathematicians. Bernoulli investigated the then new mathematican calculus. On Freycinet's charts, Cape Martin was named Cape Jaffa, presumably after the port in present-day Israel known in the Old Testament as Joppa. In 1799 Napoleon took the town in what was called the massacre of Jaffa. Freycinet's name for Cape Martin is now used for this cape.

Cape Thomas
Believed to have been named by Baudin in 1802 as Cap Caffarelli.

Godfrey Islands
Believed to have been named by Baudin in 1802 as Ile Latrielle. It honours Pierre-Andre Latrielle (1762-1833), French zoologist and Roman Catholic priest, father of modern entomology, who achieved the first detailed classification of crustaceans and insects. Many of the specimens collected by the Baudin expedition ended up in Latrielle's collection.

Guichen Bay
6.4.1802. Baudin. Named after Luke Urbain du Bouexic, Compte de Guichen (1712-1790), French Admiral who fought against the British. Baudin named the bay Ance des Albatros (Albatross Cove) but on Freycinet's charts it became Baie de Guichen.

Cape Dombey
6.4.1802. Freycinet. Named after Joseph Dombey (1742-94), French botanist and physician. This headland was oiriginally called Cape Lannes by Freycinet, after Jean Lannes (1769-1809), French Duke of Monte Bello, Marshal of France, Ambassador to Portugal; and Pointe Marbree (Mottled Point) by Baudin.

Baudin Rocks
Matthew Flinders. Named after French navigator, Nicolas Baudin.

Penguin Island
9.4.1802. Flinders. Penguins colony seen there.

Rivoli Bay
5.4.1802. Baudin. Named after Andrea Massena, the Duke of Rivoli, said to be Napoleon's greatest General. Rivoli was a Napoleonic battlefield. Baudin named the bay Baie de Quiberon (Quiberon Bay) but on Freycinet's charts it became Baie. de Rivol. Quiberon is a town on the coast of Brittany, France.

Cape Martin
1857. Capt. Bloomfield Douglas. Named after Capt. George Martin, seafarer and friend of Douglas. Baudin had named it Cap le Noir (Cape Black). On Freycinet's charts it was named C. de Jaffa but Cape Jaffa is now further north-west. The port in present-day Israel known in the Old Testament as Joppa. In 1799 Napoleon took the town in what was called the massacre of Jaffa. Named by Peron and Freycinet as Cap Le Noir (Black Cape).

Cape Buffon
3.4.1802. Baudin. Named after George Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (1707-1788) right, French naturalist. This headland was originally named Cap Bourru (Gloomy Cape) by Baudin who gave the name Cape Buffon to what is now known as Cape Banks. On Freycinet's charts Cape Buffon was called Cap Lannes. That name is now applied to the cape is at the southern tip of Guichen Bay.

Cape Lannes
2.4.1802. Freycinet. Named after Jean Lannes (1769-1809), French Duke of Monte Bello, Marshal of France, Ambassador to Portugal. Freycinet originally named Cape Lannes Cape Dombey after Joseph Dombey, a French botanist and physician. That name was transferred to the present Cape Dombey and the name Freycinet gave to Cape Buffon was transferred to this headland. Baudin gave the name Pointe des Filoux (Rogues Point) to what is now known as Cape Lannes.

Cape Banks
3.12.1800. Grant. Named after the botanist, Sir Joseph Banks. Previously known as West Cape Banks. Named by Baudin in 1802 as Cap Buffon.

Douglas Pt
1857. Capt. Bloomfield Douglas. Named after himself. Douglas was harbourmaster of Port Adelaide. Named Cap de Chameau (the French word for camel) by Freycinet and Cap Boufflers by Baudin (1802). The latter name honours Louis Francois, duc de Boufflers (1644-1711) Marshal of France. King Louis XIV created him a duke in 1694.

Cape Northumberland
3.12.1800. Grant. Named after Duke of Northumberland (1742-1817) first inherited his mother's barony of Percy. He was present at the battle of Minden, and although in parliament, where he was member for Westminster from 1761-1776, he had opposed the policy that led to the American War. He proceeded to Boston in1774 as colonel commanding the 5th Fusiliers, a regiment that has since then been known as the Northumberland Fusiliers.

His generosity to his men made him exceedingly popular in the army; he became a general in 1793 and exercised considerable influence in politics, though he never obtained office. It is not clear that captain Cook did have a particular person in mind.

Port MacDonnell
Named after Gov. MacDonnell. Governor of South Australia, Sir Richard Graves MacDonnell, June 1855 - March 1862. Is Aboriginal name is Ngaranga.

Victoria

Discovery Bay 20.8.1836. Major Thomas Mitchell. Named when he came down the Glenelg River on 20 August 1836. Also believed to have been named by Baudin in 1802 as Cap du Mont St. Bernard. Mt St Bernard is where a famous painting of Napoleon Bonaparte was set.

Nobles Rocks
Named after a local landowner, Noble Liddle,

Suttons Rocks
Named after the Suttons, who held land on either side of these rocks.

Cape Montesquieu
2.4.1802. Baudin. Named after French philosopher and jurist, Charles Montesquieu (1689-1755).

Descartes Bay
3.4.1802. Baudin. Named after Rene Descartes (1596 - 1650), a gifted mathematician who invented analytic geometry. Rene Descartes showed a relationship between algebraic equations and geometric figures. He was a masterful philosopher and had recently witnessed the persecution of Kepler and Galileo for their scientific heresy. His most important findings was empirical observation. He also believed that deduction and rational speculation could be used to explain the world fully. His findings provided a new basis for religion.

Cape Duquesne
3.4.1802. Baudin. Named after Marquis Duquesne De Menneville, who in 1752, was made governor-general of New France (Canada). He was born in France early in the 18th century. He was a grand nephew of Abraham Duquesne, the great French mariner, early entered the royal marine service, and became a captain. In 1752 he was appointed governor of New France, having been recommended to the office by Gallissoniere.

He introduced great reforms into the colony, placed the colonial troops on a par with the European by constant drilling and study, erected forts in the far west, and resisted the encroachments of the English and colonial troops. Among the forts so erected was the one bearing his name on the present site of Pittsburgh. It was during his administration that the assassination of Jumonville took place, and also the brilliant victory over the English at Coulon de Villiers in 1756.

Cape Bridgewater / Bridgewater Bay
5.12.1800. Grant. Named after Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater (1736-1803), originator of British inland navigation, succeeded to the dukedom at the age of twelve on the death of his brother, the 2nd duke. He devoted his life to the construction of canals for the transport of coal with the assistance of the engineer James Brindley.

Cape Nelson / Nelson Bay
5.12.1800. Grant. Named after Grant's expedition vessel, Lady Nelson. In April 1802, Baudin named it Cape Montaigne. The name recalls Michel Eyquem Montaigne (1533-92), French essayist, who was one of the greatest masters of the essay as a literary form.

Sir William Grant Cape
4.12.1800. Grant. Named after Grant's father, Sir William Grant.

Lawrence Rocks / Lawrence Islands
5.12.1800. Grant. Named after Capt. Lawrence of Trinity House. Baudin later called it Ile du Dragon when he sailed past on the Geographe on 1st April 1802.

Lady Julians Island
6.12.1800. Grant. Named after the wife of the Duke of Northumberland, Lady Julian Percy. Also known as Lady Julia Percy Island. Flinders gave the fuller name when he sailed past in the Investigator on 20th April 1802. Baudin had called it Ile aux Alouettes when he sailed past on 1st April 1802.

Surrey River
30.8.1836. Major Mitchell. Named after the English county at the request of Edward Henty, founder of Portland.

Narrawong
Aboriginal term for long river.

Fitzroy River
28.8.1836. Major Mitchell. Named after Lord Fitzroy Somerset.

Anderson Point
Possibly from the Anderson brothers who came to Portland from Tasmania in 1839 on the way to Mortlake or (more likely) after William Primrose Anderson, a shipping agent in 1883.

Whalers Point
The area was frequented by whalers and sealers prior to white settlement.

Dutton Way
Named after Captain William Dutton, a whaler, who came to settle in Portland in 1828.

Pt Danger
7.12.1800. Grant. Dangerous breakers were seen but no rocks were located.

Portland Bay
7.12.1800. Grant. Named after Gov. of Island of St Helena, Duke of Portland. Born in 1738, William Cavendish Bentinck (1738-,1809) the Duke of Portland, became a member of Lord Rockingham's cabinet in 1765 and later became the leader of the Whig Party - the progressive party in English politics of the day.

He was twice Prime Minister - in 1783 and in 1807-09 and British Colonial Secretary. His best work is considered to have been done during his term as Home Secretary between 1794 and 1801. Named Tourville Bay by Baudin in April 1802 afrer Ann Hilarion de Contentin, Compte de Tourville (1642-1701), French Vice-Admiral.

Shaw River
4.9.1836. Major Mitchell. Named after Sir James Shaw Kennedy, a Peninsular War veteran, by

Lake Yambuk
Named after John Baxter's Yambuk (Yambuck) cattle run in 1843.

McKechnies Craigs
Named after the four McKechnie brothers, who came to farm nearby at Lagoon Lodge in 1863.

Cape Reamur (right)
1.4.1802. Baudin. Named after Rene Antoine Ferchault de Reaumur (1683-1757), French chemist who invented the now obsolete Reaumur thermometer.

Griffiths Island
Named after Captain Jonathan Griffiths, a whaler and shipbuilder from Launceston, Tasmania, who had a whaling station here in the 1820s.

Port Fairy
Named after the cutter Fairy, under Capt. J Wishart, who took shelter with the vessel here on 28th April 1810.

Armstrong Bay
Named after Captain Armstrong, captain of the Pelican and mate of Captain Wishart's ship The Fairy.

Rutledge Cutting
Named after William Rutledge, magistrate and landowner in Warrnambool in the 1850s.

Pickering Point
Named after William Pickering, a government surveyor who in 1844 completed Tyers' survey of the country between the Moyne and the mouth of Merri Creek.

Thunder Point
Named Cap de Mont-Tabur by Baudin on 31 March 1802, and shown thus on Freycinet's chart (1808) (Baudin Journal). It was probably renamed from the roar of the surf.

Merri River
From the Aboriginal work for rocky or stony.

La Bella Reef
Named after the Norwegian barque La Bella was wrecked on the reef near Warrnambool Harbour on 10 November 1905.

Lady Bay
Named after Captain Wishart's ship Lady of the Lake in 1844.

Lady Julia Island
6.12.1800. Grant. Named after Lady Julia Percy, wife of the Duke of Northumberland.

White Island
7.12.1800. Grant. Named after Capt. White. It has been said also the island was thus named because it resembles the Isle of Wight.

Cape Volney
1.4.1802. Baudin. Named after Constantin Volney (1757-1820), French historian, travel writer and philosopher.

Hopkins River
1836. Major Mitchell. Named after Sir John Paul Hopkins.

Childers Cove
Named after the barque Childers (Childons or Children), wrecked on a reef off here on 15 January 1839.

Stanhope Bay
Named after the Stanhope family, who farmed locally in the 19th century.

Murnane(s) Bay
Named after the Murnane family, who farmed locally in the 19th century.

Flaxman Hill
Named after John Flaxman, who was a Warrnambool land agent in 1863.

Antares Reef
Named after the Italian ship Antares, wrecked here in 1914.

Bay of Martyrs
Related to nearby Massacre Hill, where it is said that many Aborigines were slain.

Curdies Inlet
Named after Dr Daniel Curdie, who in 1840 became owner of the Tandarook Station in the shire of Camperdown. He made his way through dense bush down Curdies River from Purrumbete to the sea in 1845, and found the lagoon that bears his name (Port Campbell.

Newfield Bay
Named after the ship Newfield, wrecked here on 29 August 1892.

Schomberg Rock
Named after the wooden clipper ship Schomberg, wrecked on this reef on 27th December 1855.

Point Hesse
Named after solicitor George Hesse, who with J.T. Gellibrand was lost in the Otway Ranges in February 1837.

Port Campbell
Named after Capt. Alexander Campbell, who traded with settlers in the area from his schooner, Condor, which he used to anchor here. He settled in the Western District after being Harbourmaster in Port Phillip in 1836.

Bay of Islands
Descriptive.

Sturgess Point
Named after William George Sturgess, a marine surveyor, who lived in Port Campbell in the 1870s and campaigned for the establishment of a port there.

Loch Ard Gorge
Recalls the three-masted square-rigged iron clipper ship, the Loch Ard, built in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1873 which was wrecked on the reef beside Mutton Bird Island on 1st June 1878. There were only two survivors, Tom Pearce and Eva Carmichael: caves in the gorge are named after them.

Twelve Apostles
The name of the famous sandstone rock stacks off the cliffs east of Port Campbell, originally known as The Sow and Pigs (or Piglets), Mutton Bird Island being the Sow, and shown thus on a map used by C.J. La Trobe during his March 1864 journey to Cape Otway). It is thought that they were re-named in the 1950s, but there are several "biblical" names hereabouts (Bay of Martyrs, Crown of Thorns Rock, The Grotto) shown on earlier maps. By August 2005 only eight Apostles were still standing.

Gibson Steps
Named in 1869 after Hugh Gibson, who built the Glenample Homestead nearby.

Gellibrand River
Named after Joseph Gellibrand, a solicitor from Van Diemens Land.

Point Ronald
Named on Charles Wilkinson's 1864 map, possibly after one of his geological companions. The coast between the mouth of Gellibrand River and the mouth of Aire River was (and to some extent still is) difficult of access from the land, and it is likely that some coastal names were given by people who sailed past, notably the Henty brothers in the 1830s and Captain John Lort Stokes on HMS Beagle in 1843. Others may have been given by the geologist Charles Wilkinson in 1863-64.

In 1947 George Baker wrote that: "for purposes of concise description and accurate location it has become necessary to attach names to certain of the points, bays and gullies in the Moonlight Head area, as hitherto many of these features were unknown by name, even to local inhabitants".

Point Margaret
Probably named by George Baker in 1947.

Buckleys Point
Probably named by George Baker in 1947.

Point Pember
Probably named by George Baker in 1947.

Dilwyn Bay
Possibly named by the geologist Charles.S. Wilkinson during his 1863-64 survey.and taken as the type locality for the Dilwyn Clay Formation.

Point Bell
Possibly named by the geologist Charles.S. Wilkinson during his 1863-64 survey.

Point Lucton
Possibly named by the geologist Charles.S. Wilkinson during his 1863-64 survey.

Marie Gabrielle Reef
Named after the ship Marie Gabrielle, wrecked on 25 November 1869 near Moonlight Head. The adjacent beach is called Wreck Beach.

Cat Reef
Named after a colony of wild cats that lived on the nearby cliffs. It has sometimes been called Catt Reef, and some (including Charles S. Wilkinson on his 1865 map) have placed it further east, near The Gable.

Moonlight Head
Assumed to be the headland seen by Matthew Flinders from the Investigator in a break in showery weather on the night of 20-21 April 1802 (Flinders 1814).

Maudes Point
Probably named after a local settler.

Sutherland Beach
Probably named after a local settler.

Freetrader Point
Shown on Murray's Heytesbury map in 1877. There may be a link with a ship called Freetrader, built in Hobart in 1850, and wrecked at the mouth of Hopkins River in 1894.

Point Reginald
Possibly after Reginald Murray, who made a geological surveys in this area in the 1860s. It was named on a map used by C.J. La Trobe during his March 1864 journey to Cape Otway.

Ryans Den
Named after Dr Charles Ryan, who broke his leg while camping here, crawled across the ranges to the Gellibrand River and floated down to Princetown on a log.

Bowker Point
Named after the Bowker family, who occupied land at Wangerrip, a short way inland.

Milanesia (sometimes called Melanesia) Beach Named after the ship Milanesia, which was beached here in 1902.

Rotten Point
So called because of the crumbling nature of the Palaeocene rocks (Rotten Point Sand) exposed in the cliff. It may have been named by Stokes from the Beagle in 1843; it was shown on Charles Wilkinsons's 1863-4 map and on a map used by C.J. La Trobe during his March 1864 journey to Cape Otway.

Johanna Beach
Named after the Johanna (or Joanna), a schooner wrecked here on 21 September 1843.

Aire River
Named with its tributary the Calder River by Surveyor George Smythe in 1845, after Yorkshire rivers that are headstreams of the Humber River.

Point Flinders
Named after Matthew Flinders, probably by John Lort Stokes from the Beagle in 1843.

Castle Cove
Descriptive of its shape.

Cape Otway
7.12.1800. Grant. Named after Capt. William Albany Otway, commissioner of the Transport Board. Originally named Cape Albany Otway. In April 1802, Baudin named it Cap Desaix after French General Louis Desaix (1768-1800).

Point Franklin
Named by Surveyor George Smythe after Sir John Franklin, Governor of Van Diemen's Land in 1841, who requested that a lighthouse be built on Cape Otway. Franklin died in 1847 on the expedition seeking a Northwest Passage through ice north of Canada. It is possible that this low headland had previously been named Point Danger by Lieutenant James Grant on the Lady Nelson 7 December 1800. There is another Point Franklin in Port Phillip Bay.

Parker River
Named after Mrs Amelia Parker by Surveyor George Smythe in 1846. He married her in Trinity Church, Sydney on 11 May 1847. He had previously reported "a river as large as the Yarra about 20 miles east of Cape Otway. The Barham River is about this distance, but it seems that he meant the Parker River, which is only about 3 miles from Cape Otway.

Point Lewis
A minor point just south of Blanket Bay probably named by Surveyor George Smythe after another surveyor, Mortimer Lewis; of after Bass Strait sailor Captain John Lewis.

Blanket Bay
Probably named by Surveyor George Smythe, who camped here during his 1846 survey. The bay was later used as a landing place for supplies for the Cape Otway lighthouse. In his 1856 diary Edward Snell mentioned a Blanket Hall near Apollo Bay.

Cape Danger
8.12.1800. Grant. Descriptive.

Elliott River
Possibly named by Surveyor George Smythe, but Elliott has not been identified.

Shelley Beach
One of several shelly beaches on the Victorian coast that were not named after the poet Shelley (there are no Keats or Browning Beaches either), but merely mis-spelt.

Pt Marengo
April 1802. Baudin. Named after a town in Italy. The King of Naples, Joachim Murat, joined Bonaparte in Italy in 1796 fighting at Tagliamento. During the Egyptian campaign he won battlefield promotion to general of brigade. His handling of the French cavalry at Marengo won him more honours. Shown as Cap Marengo on Freycinet's charts. There is however some doubt on whether this name was given to the little point now known as Cape Marengo; on Freycinet's chart it looks to be Point Franklin. It is shown on some maps as Hayley Point, with Cape Marengo a minor point west of Swell Point.

Hayley Point
Named by Surveyor George Smythe in 1846 after a member of his survey party. It may have been the point named Cape Danger by Lieutenant Grant in 1800.

Henty Reef and Little Henty Reef
Probably named by the Henty brothers (James and Edward) from Portland, who are thought to have come here to set up a whaling sub-station on Point Bunbury. Little Henty Reef is also known as Hayley Reef and Marengo Reef..

Mounts Bay
There is a Mounts Bay at Penzance in Cornwall, England, but this bay was probably so named by Surveyor George Smythe because of the rocky islets that rise from Marengo Reef offshore.

Cape Patton
7.12.1800. Grant. Reason for naming not specified but possibly after Vice-Admiral Phillip Patten. Baudin had called it Cap de Representations when he sailed past on the Geographe on 30 March 1802, but it is shown as Cap Suffren on Freycinet's chart in 1808. The latter name honours Pierre Andre de Suffren de Saint-Tropez (1729-1788), French admiral who fought the British in Indian waters during the American Revolutionary War and who remains interesting to students of naval warfare for his daring tactics.

He was involved in a remarkable series of navbal engagements with British admiral Sir Edward Hughes off the coast of India and Ceylon in 1782-83, disregarding textbook rules with varying success by isolating groups of enemy vessels and thus destroy a squadron piecemeal.

Barham River
The name is on Surveyor George Smythe's 1846 map, and probably came from an Aboriginal word Burrum, meaning stony river bed. Alternatively, he may have derived it from the Kentish village of this name, although no connection has been recorded.

Point Bunbury
Named by Surveyor George Smythe after H. Bunbury, a Magistrate in the Port Phillip District, who explored this area.

Apollo Bay
Named after Schooner Apollo, under command of Capt. Loutit. The Apollo sheltered here from a south-west gale in February 1846 while on one of his trading runs between Melbourne and Portland. Briefly known as Middleton and Krambruk in 1874 (Blake 1977). When Lieutenant Grant saw this area on 7 December 1800 he thought much like the Isle of Wight. He called it Wight's Land, but this was after Captain Wight of the Royal Navy rather than the English island: the name has not persisted.

Skenes Creek
Named by George Smythe after a fellow surveyor A. J. Skene, who became Surveyor General in 1868.

Crayfish Bay
Where crayfish were formerly abundant in the shore reefs, but are now quite rare. A name given by Cape Otway lighthouse men.

Addis Bay
Named after Lieutenant Edward Brown Addis, an early Crown Lands Commissioner.

Mount Meuron
Named after Adolphe de Meuron, a friend of C. J. La Trobe.

Point Hawdon
Named after Joseph Hawdon, squatter, in 1836.

Kennet River
Named by Surveyor George Smythe after the river in Berkshire, England.

Point Sturt
Named by Surveyor George Smythe after Charles Sturt, the explorer of the Murray River.

Wye River
Named by Surveyor George Smythe, probably after the river that flows from Wales through Monmouthshire, England; there are also Wye Rivers in Derbyshire and Buckinghamshire.

Separation Creek
Probably named when the Shire of Winchelsea was separated from the Shire of Otway (Author's suggestion).

Artillery Rocks
Possibly named from the cannon-ball concretions in the Cretaceous sandstones that outcrop here.

Mount Defiance
Named by the Great Ocean Road Trust, which also gave names to camp sites such as Hitchcock Gully and Monash Gully on the Otway coast.

Cumberland River
Probably named by Surveyor George Smythe in 1846, either after the Duke of Cumberland or after the schooner Cumberland in which Charles Grimes explored Port Phillip and King Island in 1802-3.

Point Grey
Named by Surveyor George Smythe after George Grey, Governor of South Australia 1841-45.

Loutit Bay
Named after Captain Loutit, captain of the first ship to carry wool from Geelong to London; he sheltered here on the schooner Apollo in 1846.

Cinema Point
Named because of the panoramic views from here, probably in honour of the cinematographer Charles Chevalier, of the Great Ocean Road Trust.

Aireys Inlet
Named after either G. S. Airey, a Crimean war veteran, or after Lieutenant J. M. C Airey, an early settler who arrived in the area in 1839.

Split Point
1843. Stokes. Descriptive.

Urquhart Bluff
Named by Surveyor George Smythe after a fellow surveyor William S. Urquhart..

Point Roadknight
Named after William Roadknight, a squatter who landed sheep at Williamstown.

Pt Addis
Named after Lieut. Edward Brown Addis, Commissioner of Crown Lands.

Bells Beach
Named after John Cavert Bell of Addiscot, former holder of nearby Woolbrook Station.

Point Danger
Probably named by Surveyor George Smythe in 1846. It was not the Point Danger named by Lieutenant James Grant on the Lady Nelson in 1801, which was close to Cape Otway.

Puebla Point
Puebla was an early name for Torquay. It is of Aboriginal origin.

Torquay Pt
Name of a property in the area owned by Robert Zeally took up land in the vicinity in 1851. Zeally and another early family, the Folletts, came from Torquay, Devon.

Zeally Bay
Named after Robert Zeally, who took up land in the vicinity in 1851.

Bream Creek (formerly Thompson Creek)
It had large numbers of this estuarine fish in its waters.

Point Flinders
Near Barwon Heads, named after Matthew Flinders, probably by Surveyor George Smythe.

Barwon Heads
First known as Flinders Head. Prior to European settlement the area is thought to have been occupied by the Wathawurung people and it is from their language that the name 'Barwon' derives. The name was first recorded by surveyor John Wedge in 1835, from the Aboriginal term burwan, meaning wide and deep water.

Ocean Grove
Named by American methodist missionaries, who founded a temperance town called Ocean Grove in New Jersey, and set up a camp of the same name here in 1882. They gave up and went home soon afterwards.

King Bay
12.1800. Grant. Recalls Governor King. Baudin later called it Baie Talleyrand when he sailed through it on the Geographe on 30 March 1802.

Port Phillip Bay
Named by Lieutenant John Murray to honour Captain Arthur Phillip, Governor-in-Chief of New South Wales. Murray had first suggested naming it after Governor King, but he declined this honour.

Lonsdale Bay / Point Lonsdale
1837. Captain William Hobson. Captain William Lonsdale arrived in Melbourne on HMS Rattlesnake in September 1836 as the first administrator, colonial secretary and the police magistrate of Port Phillip. Hobson was the naval officer in charge of a marine survey vessel when the point was named.